INTERNATIONAL BLIND SPORTS FEDERATION NORDIC SKIING RULES 2005-2009 NORDIC SKIING AND BIATHLON IBSA is responsible for these rules in cooperation with its Technical Committee. NORDIC EVENTS 1 CLASSES AND RACE DISTANCES 1.1 The distances are the same for the three B classes. Women 5 km classic technique 10 km classic technique 15 km free technique Biathlon: 7.5 km free technique Relay will consist of 2 classic legs and 1 free technique leg Men 5 km classic technique 10 km classic technique 20 km free technique Biathlon: 7.5 km free technique Relay will consist of 2 classic legs and 1 free technique leg Mixed teams of both sexes are not allowed in the relay. In the major international championships (Paralympics, World and Regional Championships) IBSA rules of combined teams for relay will be used. 1.2 TRACKS 1.2.1 The course shall be a minimum of 2.5 km long but a 5 km course is recommended if possible. The course shall consist of two parallel tracks for classic technique and one track on the side of the track with free technique. 1.2.2 Height differences - maximum climbs - total climbs Height difference (HD) 5 km race = 100 m 10 km race = 150 m 15 km race = 200 m 20 km race = 200 m Biathlon 7.5 = 150 m Maximum climbs (MM) 5 km race = 50 m 10 km race = 75 m 15 km race = 100 m 20 km race = 100 m Biathlon 7.5 = 50 m Total climbs (MT) 5 km race = 150 m to 200 m 10 km race = 250 m to 300 m 15 km race = 300 m to 500 m 20 km race = 500 m to 800 m Biathlon 7.5 = 200 m to 250 m 1.2.3 The tracks must be easy to follow, avoiding sharp bends. The downhill sections must be, as far as possible, in a straight line with the sides kept clear of solid objects which could be hit by a competitor should he/she lose control or fall. 1.2.4 For competitions in free technique, the course shall be well packed and graded with a single track set along the right side of the course. On downhill sections with tracks, the tracks should follow the ideal line of the course. 1.2.5. The maximum altitude of any part of the course may not be higher than 1800 m above sea level. 2 NORDIC EVENTS INCLUSIVE OF BIATHLON 2.1 In all B classes the competitor and his guide are a team. Visually impaired competitors and their guides will be trained and entered by their National Federation for all Nordic events. 2.2 The guides are to protect the visually handicapped competitors from accidents and collisions, to advise and encourage them. They may lead or follow the visually handicapped competitor in the same tracks or ski by his/her side or in parallel tracks. 2.3 For B1, B2 and B3 classes, a guide is compulsory. Competitors may replace their guides if the latter have an accident or cannot keep up with them, in which case the guide and the competitor must report the facts to the officials at the end of the competition. 2.4 Guiding must be by voice only. Radio communication between the guides and the competitors is accepted. Guides can also use an amplifier. No other means of communication is allowed. 2.5 No physical contact is allowed between the guides and the visually handicapped competitors during the race. It is forbidden to hold or pull a competitor, to prevent him/her from falling even in the downhill sections. After a fall, a guide or a marshall may hand him/her his/her skis and/or poles. 2.6 For safety reasons, the guide is allowed to hold a B1 and B2 competitor on certain sections of the track which shall be marked. The race committee together with the IBSA Technical Delegate decide which sections of the track must be marked. These holding zones shall be clearly marked with visible signs or flags in contrasting colours for the beginning (blue) and finishing (red) sections of the zones. In addition, it is recommended to draw a line on the snow outside the track, at the starting and finishing lines of each zone. 2.7 For all B classes, the chronometer will be started and stopped when the competitor - not the guide - crosses the finishing line. The guide must not go through the starting gate. 2.8 The colours of the bib numbers must comply with FIS rules. 2.9 The guides will wear a bib numbered with 3 digits, the last two digits will be the same as the competitor’s number; e.g. if the competitor wears the number 15, the guide will wear the number 115 or a bib printed with a “G” meaning “guide”. If possible, the colour of the guide’s bib should be orange/yellow. 2.10 A competitor who is overtaken by another competitor must give way at first demand, even if the course has two tracks. 3 STARTING ORDER 3.1 The starting order shall be determined by the Organising Committee in such a way as to avoid overtaking as much as possible. In principle, it will be in the following order: B3, B2 and B1. 3.2 Each competitor will be informed of his personal starting time. There will be a call 10 minutes before the starting time and another one minute before the competitor is due to start. 3.3 Any competitor who is more than one minute behind his starting time may be disqualified. He can be late provided that he does not disturb the other competitors. 4 EQUIPMENT AND ASSISTANCE 4.1 Skis must be marked just before the start. 4.2 If a competitor breaks his/her skis during the race, he/she is allowed to request another person’s assistance to replace the broken equipment. 4.3 The competitor must cross the finishing line with at least one marked ski. 4.4 Should a competitor wish to change the wax during a race due to changing snow conditions, the guide may apply the wax. 4.5 All B1 competitors must wear black shades/glasses during the competition. The black shades/glasses design is free but they must be tested and accepted by the referee before starting, at the same time as ski marking. 5 RELAY EXCHANGE 5.1 The exchange zone shall be a rectangle 30 m long and wide enough. Two marshals are required for each team in the exchange zone, the first one watching the incoming competitor and giving the passing signal when he/she passes the line 30 m before the starting line and the second one holding the starting competitor behind the starting line until the signal is given. The exchange zone can be modified by the race and the course managers together with the Technical Delegates taking into account the practical possibilities within the exchange area. 5.2 Marshalls will guide the incoming competitors out of the exchange zone so that they do not interfere with the starting competitors. 5.3 Competitors are not guided in the last 200 m before the relay exchange or finish. The last 200 m must be clearly marked. 6 OFFICIALS 6.1 Marshals will stand along the course to control the tracks, make sure the rules are obeyed and execute any special orders. 6.2 The course manager will brief the marshalls and tells them where to stand. 6.3 Competitors and their guides must obey instructions from marshalls and course managers. 7 TECHNICAL DELEGATE 7.1 The Technical Delegate is appointed by the IBSA Technical Committee with the approval of the IBSA Executive Committee; he is the official representative of IBSA. The Technical Delegate has to make sure that the organisation of the events complies with IBSA rules. Additionally, the Technical Delegate acts as a consultant and advisor to the Organising Committee. The Organising Committee must follow the instructions issued by the Technical Delegate in accordance with these rules. 7.2 The Technical Delegate will be the Jury Chairman of the events for which he has been appointed. 7.3 The Technical Delegate’s functions shall be valid only for the events for which he has been appointed. 7.4 CONTACTS WITH THE ORGANIZERS AND SITE VISITS 7.4.1 Immediately after being appointed, the Technical Delegate must contact the organizers through the chairman of the Technical Committee. He will conduct the necessary inspections of the site of the event, and will co-ordinate with the organizers. The Technical Delegate’s inspections and visits to the sites must be approved by IBSA Technical Committee. 7.4.2 The Technical Delegate must arrive at the site of the event early enough before the competition to perform all the necessary functions required by these rules and the circumstances. At the end of the event, the Technical Delegate must report on the organisation of the event. The race managers and the organizing committee must attend the meeting. The Technical Delegate will be responsible for the judges and will take care of their welfare during the events. 7.4.3 TECHNICAL DELEGATE’S COSTS The organizers of IBSA events and competitions will pay for the Technical Delegate’s travel, boarding and lodging costs and other expenses incurred by the event. BIATHLON IBSA is responsible for these rules in cooperation with its Technical Committee. 1 BASIC RULES 1.1 DEFINITION Biathlon is a Paralympic winter sport which combines competitive, free technique cross country skiing and air rifle marksmanship. 1.2 SCOPE OF THESE RULES 1.2.1 APPLICATION These rules must be applied fully during Paralympic Games, World and Regional Championships and World Cup Events. In other international events, these rules shall be applied unless changes have been notified in the invitation. 1.2.2 PUBLICATIONS These rules are subordinate to and published under the authority of the IBSA Technical Committee. 1.2.3 KNOWLEDGE OF THE RULES, JURY AND THE TECHNICAL DELEGATE’S AUTHORITY Competitors, team members and officials must know these rules and behave in accordance with them. 1.2.4 COMPETITIONS The competition is defined as the period of time which begins when the competitor enters the start control area and ends when he/she leaves the finish control area or the doping control area, whichever occurs last. The competition starts with the beginning of the zeroing time and ends when the final results are published. 1.2.5 TRAINING Training is defined as any preparatory activity for the competitions - stadium area, shooting range and the course - during the dates and times listed in the programme of events as official or unofficial. 2 CLASSES OF COMPETITIONS 2.1 Men: B1, B2, B3 2.2 Women: B1, B2, B3 3 TYPES OF COMPETITIONS The following types of competitions are authorised for IBSA events and must be organised within the calendar of Regional, World and Paralympic Championships. 3.1 TRACKS The track is 2.5 km long for both men and women and provides for three laps. The course is 7.5 km long and the technique to be used is free. 3.1.1 The shooting location must be easily accessible to the competitors. 3.1.2 For the preparation of the tracks, refer to Nordic Skiing Rule 1.2. There will be no tracks in the shooting stadium. 3.2 START Competitors will start with a minimum interval of one minute. 4 MEDICALS, DOPING CONTROL AND GENDER VERIFICATION 4.1 MEDICAL FITNESS National Federations must ensure that their athletes are medically fit to enter a competition. 4.1.2 DOPING CONTROL Doping control procedures shall be conducted during Paralympic Games, Regional, World Championships and World Cup competitions. They may also be done in other competitions. 4.1.3 A competitor must undergo doping control when ordered to do so in a competition. 5 HOSTING REGISTRATION 5.1 HOSTING The right to host an event or a competition is awarded to the organizer in accordance with the applicable rules. The organiser must prepare for and conduct the event according to these rules. In order to be eligible to host an IBSA event or competition, the organiser must hold a valid license for the appropriate events or competitions. 6 TEAM CAPTAINS MEETINGS 6.1 GENERAL At every IBSA biathlon event, a meeting must be held for the team captains to elect the juries, conduct draws and give and receive information about the competition. The first meeting must be held at least one day prior to the first official training, in order to elect the jury and jury of appeal. As far as the remaining meetings are concerned, the dates and timing are dictated by the timing required to conduct the draw, i.e. a meeting on the day before each competition event. The chairman of the competition shall chair these meetings. 7 PROHIBITIONS FOR NON-COMPETING PERSONS 7.1 There are means by which non-competing persons can give unfair assistance to competitors during a competition. Such assistance is prohibited. 7.2 SPECIFIC PROHIBITIONS It is forbidden for any person to give competitors any acoustic or visual information, advice, information by radio or any others means of communication within the range of 10 m to the left and 10 m to the right of the shooting range. This does not apply to the expressions of applause or disappointment from the spectators. The limits will be marked by red lines or other visible marks in the snow, 10 m to the left and 10 m to the right of the shooting lanes. Spectators and any other persons must be clearly informed of this rule by an official announcement before the beginning of the competition and be warned that infringing this rule may lead to spectators being removed from the area of the competition by the Organising Committee. The sanction may be a reproof or a fine for officials or team members, depending on how serious the matter is. 7.1.3 Pacing, running or skiing in front, beside or behind the competitors is forbidden. It is permitted to run without skis up to 50 m beside the competitors, to give them information about the competition or beverages. It is forbidden to touch the competitors in such a way as to assist their propulsion or to obstruct other competitors. Within 100 m before and 100 m after the shooting range, the handover zone and in the last 100 m before the finishing line, running beside competitors is forbidden. 8 THE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE 8.1 GENERAL The Organizing Committee is responsible for all the arrangements, the orderly conduct and the hosting required by a biathlon event. 8.2 TECHNICAL DELEGATES Refer to Nordic Skiing Rule 7. 9 COMPETITION FACILITIES AND ARRANGEMENTS 9.1 GENERAL The competition facility is the location where biathlon training and competitions will take place; it is the stadium area and the course. The starting areas, finishing areas and the shooting range, etc. are located in the stadium area. The location must be technically suitable to give the best view of the competitions to the spectators and meet the requirements of the media. 10 SHOOTING RANGE 10.1 The shooting range is where all the shooting will take place during a biathlon competition. It must be located in the central area of the stadium and both the targets and the shooting ramps must be visible to the majority of the spectators. The shooting range must be flat, level and fully safe with regard to the trails, the stadium and the surrounding area. The shooting direction should be northward to enhance light conditions during competition. The shooting range must comply with local laws. 10.2 SPECIFICATIONS AND CONFIGURATIONS 10.3 The distance between the front edge of the support of the shooting ramp and the line of targets must be 10 m (+ or - 2 cm). 10.4 The back of the target carrier boards must be completely black. 10.5 In multi-disability competition, only the right half of the range is for B-class shooters. This division must be clearly indicated to the competitors. 10.6 During training and competitions, competitors must enter the shooting range on the left hand and exit on the right hand sides. 10.7 LEVELS The surface of the shooting ramp and the surface on which the targets stand must be level, as much as is possible. The firing ramp and the surface on which the targets are placed must be at a higher level than the ground between them by at least 30 cm, or more if required by local snow conditions. 10.8 SPACE CONFIGURATIONS Behind the shooting ramp there must be a fenced off area, 10 m to 12 m wide, starting from the front edge of the firing line and extending along the entire back of the range. The area is reserved for competitors, officials and the members of the jury. However, with the IBSA Technical Delegate’s authorization other persons such as media personnel may be allowed in this area. Directly behind that area, there must be a second fenced off area at least 2 m wide reserved for two team members from each team. This area must be shaped in such a way that the team members have a clear view of the targets and the shooting ramp area. a) THE SHOOTING RAMP The shooting ramp is the area at the rear of the shooting range where the competitors lie to shoot. The ramp must be totally covered in snow, solidly packed, even, smoothly groomed and not icy. The whole area used by the competitors during the competition must be level. b) SHOOTING LANES The shooting ramp is divided into shooting lanes from which one competitor at a time will shoot. Every shooting lane must be at least 3m but no more then 3.5 m wide. The width of the lanes must be marked on both sides of the shooting ramp, from its front edge for a distance of 1 m to the rear with a red coloured board sunk into the snow so that it is level with the snow surface. Both sides of each lane must be marked from the ramp to the targets with flags, posts or similar markings, which clearly limit the lanes but do not interfere with the shooting. There must be a distance of 3 m between the outer edge of the left and right lanes and the start of the safety berms they adjoin. This distance must be maintained from the ramp to the targets. c) SHOOTING MATS The shooting mats must be placed at the front part of each shooting lane on the shooting ramp. The mats must be 150 cm square, 1 to 2 cm thick, and made of synthetic or natural fibres with a rough, non-slippery surface. d) WIND FLAGS During the competitions and official training, wind flags must be installed at the side of every third shooting lane, approximately 3 m away from the shooting ramp. The flags must have a highly visible colour, a size of 10 x 40 cm and made of thin artificial silk or silk. Flags may not weigh more than 5 grammes. They must allow for an easy 360 degree rotation, turning at a right angle to the flag pole. The flags must be placed so that the top edge of the flag is at the same level as the top edge of the targets. e) NUMBERING AND MARKING The shooting points and the corresponding targets must have the same number, easily visible and beginning with number 1 starting from the right. The shooting lanes must be numbered on the left and right sides at the front edge of the shooting ramp. The numbers must be at least 20 cm and not more than 30 cm high and at least 4 cm wide. f) ENTRANCE AND EXIT BOUNDARIES At the entrance and exit of the range, 10 m to the left and right hand shooting lanes, there must be a red line painted in the snow or some other clear marking. These lines or markings limit the outer edges of the area where it is prohibited to give any information about the shooting. g) LINES FOR THE GUIDES On the shooting ramp, there must be a red line painted in the snow 4 m behind the front of support. The guide must stay in this lane when the competitor shoots. h) TARGETS A shooting range for Paralympic games, Regional and World Championships and World Cup competitions must have at least 6 shooting lanes and targets. The rifles and targets must comply with the requirements of the IBSA material catalogue. IMPORTANT: the shooting range must be ready: 5 days before the competition for Paralympic Games 3 days before the competition for Regional and World Championships 1 day before the competition for Alpine and European Cups 11 TARGET SYSTEMS 11.1 TYPES OF TARGETS Two main types of targets are used for biathlon training and competitions - metal or paper. Only metal targets shall be used during competitions. Only paper targets shall be used for zeroing rifles. Both paper and metal targets may be used for training. 11.2 METAL TARGETS Only target systems complying with IBSA Material Catalogue and duly approved by IBSA Technical Committee may be used for competitions. 11.3 TARGET SPECIFICATIONS Please refer to the IBSA Material Catalogue for target specifications. 12 COMPETITION EQUIPMENT 12.1 IBSA MATERIAL CATALOGUE IBSA Technical Committee will publish a Material Catalogue and will update it when required. This catalogue is an appendix to these rules. 12.2 NEW EQUIPMENT AND CHANGES Any new development and changes in existing competition equipment must be approved by IBSA. Applications for the approval of new or duplicated equipment for the following season must be submitted to the chairman of IBSA Technical Sub-Committee by the National Federations not later than the 1st of May of that year. By October 1st, the Sub-Committee shall publish the specifications, definitions or descriptions of newly approved pieces of competition equipment for the coming season. 12.3 AVAILIBILITY OF EQUIPMENT Any competition equipment approved by IBSA must be available to all the competitors during the season in which they have been approved. 13 INSPECTION OF EQUIPMENT The weight, dimension and shape of all rifles are checked to ensure they are correct. Each rifle shall be marked and its serial number registered. 13.1 ZEROING RIFLES Only the manager of the shooting range is allowed to zero all the rifles. He will do so before the training shooting, zero the rifles again before the trials for the competition, and between the trials and the competition, on the days of the competition. The trial targets which have been used will be clearly visible by the athletes and the team captains. 14 TRAINING 14.1 TYPES OF TRAINING Official training is the period of time allowed by the organizer for the training on the grounds. During official trainings, the spot must be prepared as if it was for the competition. Unofficial training is the time allowed by the organizer on the grounds, it is different from official training and the grounds do not have to be prepared as for the competition. Organizers should allow for as much unofficial training as possible. 14.2 SKI TRAINING The competition course for official training must be open at the hours corresponding to the hours of the competition and must be groomed, marked and fenced as for the competition. 14.3 SHOOTING TRAINING The practice of shooting on the day prior to the competition must be organised at times corresponding to the day of the competition. The practice will begin at the same time as the zeroing time of the day of the competition, with paper targets only on the assigned shooting lanes. After 45 minutes, metal targets will be used and the choice of shooting lanes will be free until the end of the practicing period. The organizer should also provide some paper targets during the free period. Prior to the start of the competition, competitors must be given the opportunity to train on the shooting range for a period of 45 minutes, which must begin one hour before and end no later than 10 minutes before the first start. Only paper targets will be used for this training. 14.4 ALLOCATION OF THE LAST TRAINING LANES Each team must be allocated one training lane on the shooting range whenever possible. The allocation of lanes will be determined by a random draw conducted during the meeting of team captains. 15 SHOOTING REGULATIONS 15.1 The shooting will only take place on the shooting range. Competitors shall shoot after completing each of the required sections of the course for the competition, except the last one. 15.2 SHOOTING SPECIFICATIONS BY COMPETITION Competitors will have to stop at the compulsory shooting stations (two stops). At each stop, five bullets must be fired. 15.3 Competitors will be helped by an official to load the rifle. The rifle will be only be loaded when the competitor is in a shooting position. 15.4 Each missed shot will entail a one minute penalty added onto the total time of the race. 15.5 Shooting lanes may be freely chosen by competitors. 16 SHOOTING POSITION 16.1 Shooting is in a prone position. 16.2 SHOOTING SUPPORT There is a rifle support for all B classes; the rifle must not be fixed and completely free to move. Supports are provided by the organizing committee. The rifle may only be touched by hands, shoulder and cheek. The lower side of the wrist of the arm supporting the rifle must be distinctly raised from the ground (snow surface) - the left arm for a right handed shooter. Sellotape or any other material on the competition outfit aiming at helping the shooting position is prohibited. 16.3 LEAVING POLES ASIDE Leaving both poles aside while shooting, including zeroing, is compulsory for competitors only. 16.4 NON REMOVAL OF SKIS It is prohibited to remove one or both skis while shooting, including official zeroing. 17 TARGET AND RIFLES MALFUNCTIONS 17.1 If the target or a rifle fails to function, the competitor must be directed to another target. NOTE: The competitor’s hits will be only those which are on the right target. 17.2 TIME ADJUSTMENTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES When a competitor loses time because of a target problem for which he/she is not responsible or because a target did not function, the jury shall make an appropriate time adjustment. 17.3 COMPETITORS’ ERRORS If a competitor makes an error such as cross firing or selecting a target which has been used and not reset, he will be deemed responsible and no time adjustment will be made. 17.4 SCORING OF SHOOTING The means to score the shooting must be put in place by the organisers for all shooting in competitions. 18 GUIDES 18.1 Guides are allowed to hold competitors by the arm in the shooting area - marked by red lines - and to take the competitor to his/her shooting position. 18.2 Guides may indicate the strength and the direction of the wind to their co-competitors. 18.3 During the shooting competition, guides must remain behind a line (in the direction of the race) drawn in the shooting area, 4 meters behind the front part of the shooting area. 18.4 Guides will hold the competitors’ poles during shooting. 18.5 The competitors will be informed of the results after each shooting - score or penalty - either through their helmets or by a code to be determined between the loaders and the team captains. This information must not be given orally. 19 LOADERS 19.1 Loaders will be provided by the organisers. 19.2 Loaders will only be chosen from persons who practice air shooting on a regular basis and are very familiar with the materials used. 19.3 Loaders will attend the first shooting trials. 19.4 Loaders will report to the person in charge of the shooting area. 19.5 During shooting trials, the Technical Delegate may require incompetent loaders to be replaced. 20 TEAM CAPTAINS AND COACHES 20.1 The team captain and coach must stay in the area at the back of the shooting area. There will be two persons per team. 20.2 A penalty panel will be put up so as to be clearly visible by each team captain. It should be updated as quickly as possible during the competition. 20.3 Team captains are not allowed to give any information, either to the guides or the competitors, in the shooting area. 21 THE MEDIA 21.1 Journalists must stay in their appropriate place. 21.2 Journalists may only move about the shooting area with the agreement of the Technical Delegate, or the person in charge of that shooting area. Appendix A MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENT CATALOGUE 1 GENERAL 1.1. PURPOSE AND PUBLICATION The purpose of an IBSA Material Catalogue is to regulate all aspects of biathlon competitions as far as material is concerned. It depends upon the authority of IBSA. This catalogue gives the definitions, current specifications and requirements of all the material used in competitions, the approval process for new equipment and the control procedures to enforce the material regulations. In essence, the catalogue safeguards: a) The principles of fair and equal opportunity for all competitors. b) The safety and health of all the persons associated with biathlon competitions c) The nature and traditions of biathlon 2 NEW MATERIALS 2.1 New material is defined as any competition equipment which has not been approved or rejected by the IBSA Technical Sub-Committee. Any new material must be submitted to the IBSA Material Committee for approval before it can be used in an IBSA event or competition. 2.2 APPROVAL PROCEDURES Any new developments in material must be proposed by industrial companies or a National Federation for the following season and must be submitted to IBSA no later than May of the year in which the season begins. The submission must be made together with the appropriate supporting material such as drawings, descriptions or test results. Prototypes which comply with current regulations will be immediately approved by the IBSA Technical Sub-Committee. 2.3 PROVISIONAL APPROVAL In rare cases, a provisional approval is granted for a year and official approval is made in the following season. 2.4 ROUTINE PRODUCTS New designs of competition outfit, bindings, poles, rifle supports, headgear and gloves need not be proposed by industrial companies or National Federations to confirm that they meet IBSA regulations. If these materials do not comply with current regulations, they shall be banned at short notice. 2.5 AVAILABILITY Any new material must be available to all National Federations and competitors in the following season. 3 RIFLES 3.1. AIR RIFLES Any type of compressed air or CO rifle of conventional appearance which conforms to the specifications shows in Figure 8 (table 1) of the UIT Rules. 3.1.1 Calibre: .0177 (0 4.5 mm) 3.2 EQUIPMENT FOR B CLASSES 3.2.1 All equipment shall meet IBSA and UIT Regulations, except for the maximum weight of the rifle and the sighting system. 3.2.2 An air rifle equipped with special scope shall be used. This scope contains, or is connected to, an electronic circuit which turns light into sound. A tone of higher or lower pitch is produced, relating to the intensity of the light on the target. The scope picks up the reflection of the light from the target. In this way, the shooter will be able to "hear" the hit on the target in his/her ear/headphones. 3.2.3 The maximum weight of the rifle, inclusive of the attached aiming device, may not exceed six (6) kilograms. 3.2.4 The rifle may be equipped with a telescope which turns light into sound. The sound is transferred by means of head or earphones to the hearing of the competitor. No other aiming devices may be attached to the rifle. 3.2.5 The sounds transmitted, produced by acoustic ear/headphones shall not exceed a number of decibels likely to disturb other competitors. 3.2.6 Types of authorised scopes: KEAB 3000 SWAROVSKI ZE-B 618 4 TARGET SYSTEM 4.1. METAL TARGETS Each target spot will be equipped with a metallic system with a hole of 0.30. Any bullet passing through this hole will light a lamp visible from the shooting area and by the spectators. 4.2 Each system will have 5 lamps. 4.3 The lamps which remain off give the amount of penalties to be added to the time of the course. 4.4 A system must make it possible to switch off all the lights from the shooting stand (by the loader after the score has been given). 4.5 PAPER TARGETS It must be possible to put a paper target on the exact location of the hole of the metallic target during the trials. 4.6 KEB 3000 SYSTEM A 14 x 14 cm square will be painted in white, the centre (the hole) will be painted in black. 4.7 SWAROVSKI SYSTEM A "bead" which is the exact copy of Schedule 3 will be put above the hole of the metallic target. The scope will be adjusted according to the bead and the bullets will hit the centre of the hole of the metallic target. 2 IBSA Nordic Skiing Rulebook 2005-2009 1 IBSA Nordic Skiing Rulebook 2005-2009